In invasion games, games played in a common area and simultaneous action on the ball (soccer, basketball, handball, hockey, etc.), it is necessary to measure the strategic aspects (Gutiérrez-Díaz et al. The analysis of decision making and the specific technical-tactical skills is essential to develop optimal and comprehensive training processes for athletes (González-Víllora et al. 2015 Otero-Saborido and González-Jurado 2015). The evaluation of observable tactical behaviour in athletes or players has been a study subject of great interest in recent years (Del Villar and García-González 2014 González-Víllora et al. Having excellent knowledge and specific experiences are the basis to making the right decisions quickly and being able to solve situations of different levels of uncertainty successfully. Therefore, it must be assessed progressively throughout their training. Tactical knowledge is not inherent to players it is developed and learned. These features are part of the player’s ability to adapt to the context of the game, known as tactical knowledge (González-Víllora et al. Some of the variables which must be controlled in order to be an intelligent and creative player are, among others, space–time command, the different rhythms of the game, the scoreboard and timing of the match, the opponent’s strengths and weaknesses, one’s own limitations and the potential of the team during each play. While that creativity entails varying, rare and flexible decision-making in complex game situations (Memmert and Roth 2007). An intelligent player is one who is capable of controlling the greatest possible number of technical-tactical variables in a short time and choosing the best possible option at all times during the game. One of the key objectives of sports assessment is the players’ ongoing training therefore, emphasis should be placed on developing intelligent and creative players (Memmert 2010 Mitchell et al. The selection of one or another depends some context information, like age and level of expertise of the players. In conclusion, the teaching–learning processes more tactical oriented have useful tactical assessment instrument in the literature.
All six tools are structured around seven headings: introduction, objective(s), tactical principles, materials, procedures, instructions/rules of the game and published studies. Six tools have been selected on five different criteria: (1) Instruments which assess tactics, (2) The studies have an evolution approach related to the tactical principles, (3) With a valid and reliable method, (4) The existence of publications mentioning the tool in the method, v. The aim of this paper is to compile and analyze different tactical measuring tools in team sports, particularly in soccer, through a bibliographical review. In the last two decades (1995–2015), the evolution of tactical assessment has grown considerably, given its importance in game performance. Tactical assessment has been a neglected variable until the 1980s or 1990s. For sports assessment to be comprehensive, it must address all variables of sports development, such as psychological, social-emotional, physical and physiological, technical and tactical.
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